Optical Waveguides: The "Path of Light" from Photonic Chips to AR Glasses This analysis examines the operating principles of optical waveguides as core optical components in AR glasses, detailing the mechanisms that confine light paths via total internal reflection and the key technologies for light in-coupling and out-coupling. It further discusses the applications and challenges associated with using novel materials—such as silicon carbide—to expand the field of view and mitigate propagation losses.